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James V (10 April 1512 – 14 December 1542) was King of Scots from 9 September 1513 until his death, which followed the Scottish defeat at the Battle of Solway Moss. His only surviving legitimate child, Mary, succeeded him to the throne when she was just six days old. ==Early life== James was son of King James IV of Scotland and his queen Margaret Tudor, a daughter of Henry VII of England, and was the only legitimate child of James IV to survive infancy. He was born on 10 April 1512, at Linlithgow Palace, Linlithgowshire and christened the next day, receiving the titles Duke of Rothesay and Prince and Great Steward of Scotland. He became king at just seventeen months old when his father was killed at the Battle of Flodden Field on 9 September 1513. James was crowned in the Chapel Royal at Stirling Castle on 21 September 1513. During his childhood, the country was ruled by regents, first by his mother, until she remarried the following year, and then by John Stewart, 2nd Duke of Albany, who was next in line to the throne after James and his younger brother, the posthumously-born Alexander Stewart, Duke of Ross. Other regents included Robert Maxwell, 5th Lord Maxwell, a member of the Council of Regency who was also bestowed as Regent of Arran, the largest island in the Firth of Clyde. In February 1517, James came from Stirling to Holyroodhouse, Edinburgh, but during an outbreak of plague in the city he was moved to the care of Antoine d'Arces at nearby rural Craigmillar Castle.〔''Accounts of the Lord High Treasurer of Scotland'', vol. 5, 130, extra locks bought.〕 At Stirling, the 10-year-old James had a guard of 20 footmen dressed in his colours, red and yellow. When he went to the park below the Castle, "by secret and in right fair and soft wedder (weather)," six horsemen would scour the countryside two miles roundabout for intruders.〔Historic Manuscripts Commission, ''Earl of Mar & Kellie at Alloa House'', (1904), 11–2, Ordinance for keeping James V, 3 August 1522.〕 Poets wrote their own nursery rhymes for James and advised him on royal behavior. As a youth, his education was in the care of University of St Andrews poets such as Sir David Lyndsay. William Stewart, in his poem ''Princelie Majestie'', counselled James against ice-skating: In the autumn of 1524 James dismissed his Regents and was proclaimed an adult ruler by his mother. Several new court servants were appointed including a trumpeter, Henry Rudeman.〔A. Thomas, ''Princelie Majestie'', (Edinburgh 2005), pp. 32-33: ''Register of the Privy Seal of Scotland'', vol. 1, (Edinburgh 1908), pp. 492-4, nos. 3267-3282〕 The English diplomat, Thomas Magnus gave an impression of the new Scottish court at Holyroodhouse on All Saints' Day 1524; "trumpets and shamulles did sounde and blewe up mooste pleasauntely." Magnus saw the young king singing, with his horses, and playing with a spear at Leith, and was given the impression that he preferred English manners over French fashions.〔(''State Papers Henry'' VIII, vol. 4 part 4 (1836) ), 209, Magnus & Radclyff to Wolsey, 2 Nov. 1524: cf. ''Letters & Papers Henry'' VIII, vol.4 (1875) no.830: 15 Nov. 1524: Ellis, Henry, ed., ''Original Letters Illustrative of English History'', 1st Series, vol. 1 (1825), 251-252.〕 In 1525, Archibald Douglas, 6th Earl of Angus, the young king's stepfather, took custody of James and held him as a virtual prisoner for three years, exercising power on his behalf. There were several attempts made to free the young King - one was made by Walter Scott of Branxholme and Buccleuch, who ambushed the King's forces on 25 July 1526 at the battle of Melrose, and was routed off the field. Another attempt later that year, on 4 Sept at the battle of Linlithgow Bridge, failed again to relieve the King from the clutches of Angus. When James and his mother came to Edinburgh on 20 November 1526, she stayed in the chambers at Holyroodhouse which Albany had used, and James used the rooms above.〔''State Papers Henry VIII'', vol. 4 part 4 (1836), 460, Christopher Dacre to Lord Dacre.〕 In February 1527, Henry Fitzroy, Duke of Richmond, gave James twenty hunting hounds and a huntsman. Magnus thought the Scottish servant sent to Sheriff Hutton Castle for the dogs was intended to note the form and fashion of the Duke's household, for emulation in Scotland.〔''State Papers Henry VIII'', vol. 4 part 4 (1836), 464-5, Magnus to Wolsey 14 February 1527: (''Letters & Papers Henry VIII'', vol. 4 (1875), no. 2885 )〕 James finally escaped from Angus's care in 1528 and assumed the reins of government himself. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「James V of Scotland」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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